🇫🇷 France · Citizenship
Naturalization and citizenship-by-investment: residence years, language and civics tests, dual-citizenship rules, and multi-passport planning.
Quick answer
French citizenship by naturalization generally requires five years' residence (reduced in some cases), integration, French language ability and stable resources. France allows dual citizenship, and marriage to a French citizen is a separate route.
French nationality by naturalisation (by decree) is generally available after five years' habitual residence in France, with proof of assimilation including — since 1 January 2026 — French at CEFR B2 (raised from B1) and a new civic-knowledge exam, plus stable and sufficient resources and good character. Naturalisation by decree is discretionary, and France permits dual nationality. Service-Public.fr is the official guide.
- Usually five years' habitual residence (shorter for some, e.g. graduates of French institutions); long absences can reset the clock.
- Since 1 Jan 2026, applicants must show French at CEFR B2 and pass a civic-knowledge exam (40 questions, 32 to pass).
- You must show assimilation, stable and sufficient resources, and good character; naturalisation by decree is discretionary.
- France permits dual nationality; check whether your current country does too.
Official authorities
- French naturalisation by decree (Service-Public)
Official guide to naturalisation by decree.
- Proving your level of French (Service-Public)
Accepted French-language certifications for nationality.
Frequently asked questions
How long must I live in France to naturalize?
Generally five years of continuous residence, reduced for graduates of French universities or for exceptional contributions.
Is a language test required?
Yes — you must demonstrate French language ability and knowledge of French society and values.
Does France allow dual citizenship?
Yes — France permits dual or multiple citizenship.
Official-information aggregation, not legal advice. Always verify on the authority's own site.
Government portals
- Government of France — Office of the French Prime Minister — government policies, ministers, and key legislation
- France Public Services (Service-Public) — France's unified administrative services — residence permits, taxes, social security, civil records
- French General Tax Directorate (DGFiP) — French income tax, VAT, wealth tax filing; tax residency determination; French tax number (NIF) application