🇪🇸 Spain · Citizenship
Naturalization and citizenship-by-investment: residence years, language and civics tests, dual-citizenship rules, and multi-passport planning.
Spanish citizenship by residence generally requires ten years of legal residence, reduced to two years for nationals of Ibero-American countries, Andorra, the Philippines, Equatorial Guinea and Portugal, and one year for spouses of Spanish nationals. Applicants pass the DELE (Spanish language) and CCSE (culture/constitution) exams. Spain permits dual nationality for those reduced-period countries; others must generally renounce. The Ministry of Justice decides.
- Generally ten years' legal residence; two years for Ibero-American/Andorra/Philippines/Eq. Guinea/Portugal; one year for spouses.
- Pass the DELE (language) and CCSE (culture/constitution) exams.
- Dual nationality is allowed for the reduced-period countries; others must generally renounce.
Official authorities
- Ministry of Justice — nationality (mjusticia.gob.es)
Official nationality-by-residence authority.
Official-information aggregation, not legal advice. Always verify on the authority's own site.